The earliest of many distinct cultural stages traced in the upbringing of the Andean civilization is the one named Chavin de Huantar. After a half century's excavations, a 2,800-year-old ruin was discovered in the remote Northern Highlands of Peru, Ancash region, at an elevation of 3,180 meters (10,430 ft), East of the White Mountain range (Cordillera Blanca).
This civilization lasted from about 1200 to 400 B.C., and is the one period in Andean Prehistory when religion seems to have been a powerful tool and a bridge to absorbing all high cultures. At their huge ceremonial center, the Chavin people created a resplendent temple and powerful stone carvings that were superior to later Inca art in that field.
Religion provided a distinctive response to their life's meaning. They had a clear understanding of the relationship between the spirit world and their environment. They were unanimous in these beliefs.
For them the universe, with its spiritual and physical realms, its myriad of gods, human beings, plants, and animals, was established by a series of creative acts coming from a sacred impersonal force existing by itself. This abstract force had its mental qualities (thought, remembrance, consciousness) that evolved through its own existence.
The spirit world had their life in a realm distinct from the physical world. They were able to visit the physical world quite often and had a great deal of responsibility to the events happening in the real world, both beneficial or detrimental to the land or to the human beings.
The people entrusted to the welfare of the land had to exercise a properly executed daily ritual in order to receive the visit of these entities and maintain control over its exact time that had to be done and maintain a harmonic cycle between the two realms.
They believed that a sacred spiritual energy resided in people, animals, land, places, and inanimate objects. To be in good harmony with it, they had to demonstrate through actions their gaining authority over them. The reflecting balance that existed in the whole universe between the spirit and physical realms had to be maintained through the actions of the ones entrusted with this responsibility.
Tuesday, July 28, 2015
Tuesday, July 14, 2015
The INCAS as the CROWN of all CIVILIZATIONS of the NEW WORLD.
The Mayas is one of the first and big civilizations in Middle America that had to cut its way out of the jungle in order to settle down. The Aztecs, another big one that had to conquer their way through Mexico. And very far to the South, the Mighty Incas, an Andean civilization that thrust upward through some of the world's most forbidding terrain that encompass the towering mountains and desert coast of Andean Peru. The Mighty Incas crowned these early civilizations of the New World and ruled from a capital 11,000 feet in the clouds.
They managed a perfect communication from the clouds to the coast without having a gross number of people affected by the altitude syndrome. Trepanation emerged 1000 years before them as a promising medical procedure. They performed this craniotomy to relieve pressure caused by fluid buildup due to severe head trauma. The survival rates approached 90 percent and infection levels were very low. They had a very deep knowledge of the anatomy of the cranial and were very secure in their procedures.
They excelled far more than the Mayas and the Aztecs on the material techniques of life: planning big cities and irrigation works, building highways and a network of communications, perfecting the domestic arts of weaving and pottery making. They have a passion for organization in every field. This passion was passed on from the cultures who preceded them, specially in art.
The Mighty Incas showed a versatile talent for domesticating plants, many of them unknown in the Old World. The ones in charge of this specific field were the Callawaya priests. They were known as natural healers and most of them were very familiar and had and still have understanding in how to use 600 herbs. The locals in average know about 300 of them. They still reside in the city named "La Rinconada," on today's Peru and it is the highest elevation human habitation in the world. From there they travel all over the Andes performing their art of natural healing in every little town they find in their way.
Some 4,500 years ago the early South Americans were already cultivating squash, peppers, gourds, beans and cotton on the coast of Peru. They were better farmers that their Europeans contemporaries. They had domesticated the potato (knowing 300 varieties of them), the tomato, the yam, the corn and the lima beans. The corn grew up in the mountains as its basic food crop with the huge sized purple (preparation of chicha drink) and yellow (for the fermented one) as the most popular ones. They found a source of wool by taming the llama and the alpaca. They terraced the mountainsides and built vast irrigation systems without altering the sacred path of the water.
They did not use writing or reading as means of communication, instead they used nature as the teacher of everything. All that is known of their progress is what archaeologists have been able to find out.
They managed a perfect communication from the clouds to the coast without having a gross number of people affected by the altitude syndrome. Trepanation emerged 1000 years before them as a promising medical procedure. They performed this craniotomy to relieve pressure caused by fluid buildup due to severe head trauma. The survival rates approached 90 percent and infection levels were very low. They had a very deep knowledge of the anatomy of the cranial and were very secure in their procedures.
They excelled far more than the Mayas and the Aztecs on the material techniques of life: planning big cities and irrigation works, building highways and a network of communications, perfecting the domestic arts of weaving and pottery making. They have a passion for organization in every field. This passion was passed on from the cultures who preceded them, specially in art.
The Mighty Incas showed a versatile talent for domesticating plants, many of them unknown in the Old World. The ones in charge of this specific field were the Callawaya priests. They were known as natural healers and most of them were very familiar and had and still have understanding in how to use 600 herbs. The locals in average know about 300 of them. They still reside in the city named "La Rinconada," on today's Peru and it is the highest elevation human habitation in the world. From there they travel all over the Andes performing their art of natural healing in every little town they find in their way.
Some 4,500 years ago the early South Americans were already cultivating squash, peppers, gourds, beans and cotton on the coast of Peru. They were better farmers that their Europeans contemporaries. They had domesticated the potato (knowing 300 varieties of them), the tomato, the yam, the corn and the lima beans. The corn grew up in the mountains as its basic food crop with the huge sized purple (preparation of chicha drink) and yellow (for the fermented one) as the most popular ones. They found a source of wool by taming the llama and the alpaca. They terraced the mountainsides and built vast irrigation systems without altering the sacred path of the water.
They did not use writing or reading as means of communication, instead they used nature as the teacher of everything. All that is known of their progress is what archaeologists have been able to find out.
Wednesday, July 8, 2015
HOW THE INCAS EDUCATED ITS SUBJECTS?
The basis of the Inca education was the fundamental idea that the destiny of a man was completely determined by the nature of the action of their hearts.
The so complex and all-embracing doctrine required long and laborious study. The Incas including in their teachings not only religious laws, but also knowledge which ranged from Astronomy and Meteorology through the study of the animal kingdom, sea habitats, insect world, and botany to geology and hydraulics.
They were experts in finding subterranean water and wells, and installed irrigation and drainage systems in their fields. Also they were specialists in the construction of subterranean corridors and tunneling mountains.
They have a strong believe that whatever man set himself to do on earth must be in consonance with the laws that governed the cosmos.
Heaven and Earth were imagined as being quartered by a great cross consisting of a North-South axis and an East-West line. All ritual and religious observance was based on this division of celestial and terrestrial space. The orientation and division of space were of crucial importance. The priests were able to decipher and understand the signs emanating from the entities in charge of the law that governed the cosmos. Every sacral and non sacral undertaken on earth had to be coordinated with this law. They believed that the powers bounded by it were irrevocably and for all eternity.
The East was symbolically considered of good will, because they believed that the higher deities, those in favor to man, had chosen to dwell.
The North East region was the most favorable and promising for good fortune.
The South was the region in which the gods of the earth and nature dwelt and ruled.
The West was considered the region in which the terrible and merciless gods of the underworld and Fate dwelt. The quarter between North and West was the most dreaded.
From these understanding came the belief that the boundaries of everything were marked by spiritual boundary stones. If anyone tried to move them for the sake of their own pleasure was considered a crime and it was condemned by the guardians of the law. The people responsible was afflicted by the worst diseases and wounds. Their land would be shaken by storms or whirlwinds and landslips. Their crops laid low and cut down by rain and hail. The heat would afflict them in the summer. Also civil strife would appear among them.
Knowing that these things would happen when such crimes were committed, the people understood that either a deceitful or treacherous heart attracted their own destruction.
The so complex and all-embracing doctrine required long and laborious study. The Incas including in their teachings not only religious laws, but also knowledge which ranged from Astronomy and Meteorology through the study of the animal kingdom, sea habitats, insect world, and botany to geology and hydraulics.
They were experts in finding subterranean water and wells, and installed irrigation and drainage systems in their fields. Also they were specialists in the construction of subterranean corridors and tunneling mountains.
They have a strong believe that whatever man set himself to do on earth must be in consonance with the laws that governed the cosmos.
Heaven and Earth were imagined as being quartered by a great cross consisting of a North-South axis and an East-West line. All ritual and religious observance was based on this division of celestial and terrestrial space. The orientation and division of space were of crucial importance. The priests were able to decipher and understand the signs emanating from the entities in charge of the law that governed the cosmos. Every sacral and non sacral undertaken on earth had to be coordinated with this law. They believed that the powers bounded by it were irrevocably and for all eternity.
The East was symbolically considered of good will, because they believed that the higher deities, those in favor to man, had chosen to dwell.
The North East region was the most favorable and promising for good fortune.
The South was the region in which the gods of the earth and nature dwelt and ruled.
The West was considered the region in which the terrible and merciless gods of the underworld and Fate dwelt. The quarter between North and West was the most dreaded.
From these understanding came the belief that the boundaries of everything were marked by spiritual boundary stones. If anyone tried to move them for the sake of their own pleasure was considered a crime and it was condemned by the guardians of the law. The people responsible was afflicted by the worst diseases and wounds. Their land would be shaken by storms or whirlwinds and landslips. Their crops laid low and cut down by rain and hail. The heat would afflict them in the summer. Also civil strife would appear among them.
Knowing that these things would happen when such crimes were committed, the people understood that either a deceitful or treacherous heart attracted their own destruction.
Thursday, July 2, 2015
LEGEND OF THE LAKE TITICACA and the LEMURIAN DISK.
The cradle of Incan civilization and the origin of the Inca Empire is in the largest fresh water Lake on the South American continent, extending from SouthEastern Peru to Western Bolivia, on the border between Bolivia and Peru. It is the highest navigable Lake in the world, located high on the Andean Plateau at 3,810 m (12,500 feet) above sea level, where blue waters that make a beautiful contrast to the parched Altiplano together with rocks and winds all touching and intermingle together. The Lake is 196m (122 mi) long with an average width of 56km (35 mi). It has waves, and the water is cold.
Deified by the Tiahuanco culture, the Lake Titicaca is still honored today as a sacred site connected to Viracocha, the Creator deity associated with Mountain cults and water.
Peru is known as a land stepped in ancient prophecies and wisdom that, according to their beliefs, is vital for our planet during "these transitional times."
The vision of the cosmos of the Andean World was based in the concept of duality, that is, a permany opposition of two opposite forces but at the same time complementary. Life was measured by a thousand year cosmic cycle. This cycle was then divided into halves. The understanding of this cosmic world was through nature, expressed by the laws that controlled the movement of this oppositional forces (day/night, up/down, man/woman, earth/sky, light/dark). This principle of duality was applied to each halves. The cosmic time that governed the transitional forces operating in each half was known as a time of great changes.
During the 500 years of the 8th cycle, the emergence of the greatest spiritual leader of the Incas, named Pachacutec, was known as the "Time of Light."This was the time when the Inca Empire flourished. In the legend of the origen, the Sacred Lake was the place from where the First Incas entered the Earth.
The legend that says about the time of the 500 years of darkness mention that it came to be at the ninth cycle. The land of Lemuria was sinking and all the special and sacred places of cosmic energies were disappearing with it. One of their great masters was given the mission to bring the "greatest golden solar disk" from their Temple of Illumination to the Sacred Lake Titicaca for safe keeping until the Time of Light had completed its settling. The First Incas were the ones with the mission of restoring the center or Temple in which the solar disk could do its work.
During the time of the Incas, the "solar disk" was transferred to Cuzco, and placed in the Coricancha, the main Temple of the Sun, where it stayed until the coming of the Spanish. Immediatelt after the invasion of foreign people, the guardians of the disk returned it to the Sacred Titicaca and placed it in the Eternal Etheric city inside the Lake visible only to those individuals that maintained a pure and spiritual heart. None of the invaders found any of the cities that were sacred to the Incas and are still hidden to the naked eye.
We are now entering the time of the Tenth cycle of 500 years, which the Andes people refer to as the returning of the "Time of Light." In this time the purging of people with wicked heart will be done in order to let the etheric crystal cities of the 4th dimension materialize. We will see again our lost city of Paititi and the eternal city that rest under the Sacred Lake Titicaca will again be available to us.
Deified by the Tiahuanco culture, the Lake Titicaca is still honored today as a sacred site connected to Viracocha, the Creator deity associated with Mountain cults and water.
Peru is known as a land stepped in ancient prophecies and wisdom that, according to their beliefs, is vital for our planet during "these transitional times."
The vision of the cosmos of the Andean World was based in the concept of duality, that is, a permany opposition of two opposite forces but at the same time complementary. Life was measured by a thousand year cosmic cycle. This cycle was then divided into halves. The understanding of this cosmic world was through nature, expressed by the laws that controlled the movement of this oppositional forces (day/night, up/down, man/woman, earth/sky, light/dark). This principle of duality was applied to each halves. The cosmic time that governed the transitional forces operating in each half was known as a time of great changes.
During the 500 years of the 8th cycle, the emergence of the greatest spiritual leader of the Incas, named Pachacutec, was known as the "Time of Light."This was the time when the Inca Empire flourished. In the legend of the origen, the Sacred Lake was the place from where the First Incas entered the Earth.
The legend that says about the time of the 500 years of darkness mention that it came to be at the ninth cycle. The land of Lemuria was sinking and all the special and sacred places of cosmic energies were disappearing with it. One of their great masters was given the mission to bring the "greatest golden solar disk" from their Temple of Illumination to the Sacred Lake Titicaca for safe keeping until the Time of Light had completed its settling. The First Incas were the ones with the mission of restoring the center or Temple in which the solar disk could do its work.
During the time of the Incas, the "solar disk" was transferred to Cuzco, and placed in the Coricancha, the main Temple of the Sun, where it stayed until the coming of the Spanish. Immediatelt after the invasion of foreign people, the guardians of the disk returned it to the Sacred Titicaca and placed it in the Eternal Etheric city inside the Lake visible only to those individuals that maintained a pure and spiritual heart. None of the invaders found any of the cities that were sacred to the Incas and are still hidden to the naked eye.
We are now entering the time of the Tenth cycle of 500 years, which the Andes people refer to as the returning of the "Time of Light." In this time the purging of people with wicked heart will be done in order to let the etheric crystal cities of the 4th dimension materialize. We will see again our lost city of Paititi and the eternal city that rest under the Sacred Lake Titicaca will again be available to us.
Sunday, June 28, 2015
GOVERNMENT OF THE INCA EMPIRE
The Tahuantinsuyu (lit. "Four Parts Together") ("Land of the Four Quarters") or Incan Empire was a centralized force or ruling party. The most important events considered as a vital part of the everyday life were their religious and ritual practices that were understood, articulated and elaborated through the Andean Cosmology and powerful thought.
It drew upon the ritualistic forms and practices of previous Andean civilizations and certain aspects of these rituals and practices are still done by the families that are direct descendants of the priests in charge of these important ceremonies.
Incan ideology was based on the cosmological behavior of the galaxies, planets and stars. The Andean cosmology was hierarchical and dualistic, with a variety of opposing forces jostling in position through ongoing action.
The world was viewed as an animistic one. They believed that the world started as a kind of phantom one with everything moving without a corporeal body.
Their concept about the life force was clear and simple. To their beliefs, everything was connected with it. Change was understood as occurring asymmetries in power between those life forces, while an equilibrium or balance, was struck in such a way through reciprocity, a process of reciprocal exchange.
To them, the understanding of these laws of nature was very important. To acquire the knowledge of how these energies moved around required an intense training involving the cleansing of the environment from negative energies and enhancing the power of the individual in charge, in order to determine the path in which these energy sources moved around.
The real conditions of existence was the primary thought that these people projected from the inside out. The belief of the relation from the cosmos to the real conditions of existence was the foundation of life in this planet. It was a set of conscious and unconscious ideas working together which made up the empire's goals, expectations, and motivations. It produced a set of standards that were followed unanimously by the people, government and conquered groups as a way of looking at things.
The understanding of the origin, evolution and eventual fate of the universe was the primary objective knowledge that was transmitted and passed on through religious beliefs based on careful examination of the universal laws governing the cosmos. Observation and experimentation were the basic ingredients that shaped the unanimously understanding of the meaning of life and the position of the individual in relation to the universe.
It drew upon the ritualistic forms and practices of previous Andean civilizations and certain aspects of these rituals and practices are still done by the families that are direct descendants of the priests in charge of these important ceremonies.
Incan ideology was based on the cosmological behavior of the galaxies, planets and stars. The Andean cosmology was hierarchical and dualistic, with a variety of opposing forces jostling in position through ongoing action.
The world was viewed as an animistic one. They believed that the world started as a kind of phantom one with everything moving without a corporeal body.
Their concept about the life force was clear and simple. To their beliefs, everything was connected with it. Change was understood as occurring asymmetries in power between those life forces, while an equilibrium or balance, was struck in such a way through reciprocity, a process of reciprocal exchange.
To them, the understanding of these laws of nature was very important. To acquire the knowledge of how these energies moved around required an intense training involving the cleansing of the environment from negative energies and enhancing the power of the individual in charge, in order to determine the path in which these energy sources moved around.
The real conditions of existence was the primary thought that these people projected from the inside out. The belief of the relation from the cosmos to the real conditions of existence was the foundation of life in this planet. It was a set of conscious and unconscious ideas working together which made up the empire's goals, expectations, and motivations. It produced a set of standards that were followed unanimously by the people, government and conquered groups as a way of looking at things.
The understanding of the origin, evolution and eventual fate of the universe was the primary objective knowledge that was transmitted and passed on through religious beliefs based on careful examination of the universal laws governing the cosmos. Observation and experimentation were the basic ingredients that shaped the unanimously understanding of the meaning of life and the position of the individual in relation to the universe.
Thursday, June 18, 2015
THE RACE OF GIANTS IN ANCIENT PERU
The mythical existence of Giants in ancient Peru is a legend being told by the people who still perform the rituals and festivals that in the past were performed in order to maintain a harmony between the forces of good and the forces of evil and gain a moment of peace.
The legend match with a narrative mentioned in the Bible in the Book of Samuel, chapter 6, in which a race of Giants inhabited a region in Mesopotamia. The place was known as a processing center for agricultural goods.
The city's history begins well before the Philistines or Israelites arrived into the region.
During the Philistine control the territory had five axis lords that were giants and executed great powers. The place was the birthplace of Goliath and other giant warriors, and at the time that Israel crossed the Jordan into the Promised Land, the giant's race of the Anakim controlled the region. Joshua 11; 1 Sam 17; 2 Sam 21; 1 Chron. 20. The giants that resided in the territory were called Gittites. Joshua 13.
Joshua's conquest of the Promised Land did not include the territory occupied by these giants. This was to be accomplished later. Accordingly, God instructed Joshua to assign the region to the 12 tribes. Judah was the tribe receiving the territory in which this city of giants was located. Josh.13; 15.
Both the Ephraimites and Benjamites skirmished with the Gittites. 1Chron.7; 8. In Samuel's day the captured Ark of the Covenant was brought to the city of the giants, with disastrous consequences to the city's inhabitants. 1 Sam. 5. Shortly thereafter Israel subdued the power of these giants and certain cities that they had taken from Israel kept coming back to Israel from the regions that their power were placed. 1 Sam 7.
David purportedly met Goliath, who came from these race of giants, in a legendary man-to-man conflict. 1Sam 17; 2 Sam 21. From this city of giants David began to curry favor with the leaders of Judah who under Saul's power controlled the region. David found refuge in this place in his flight from Saul, when he was being pursued as an enemy of the king. The city's king granted refugee status to David. People from the Negeb region and the city of Hebron and men from the city of the giants (Gittites) became David's most loyal supporters throughout his reign. 2 Sam. 15.
After Israel losing control over the region, the place was conquered by the Aramean king Hazael and its strategic location on the ROAD leading UP to Jerusalem via Elah Valley and Bethlehem was used in an attack against Jerusalem. 2 Kings 12.
The region was then taken by the Assyrian king Sargon as part of his purported conquest of Judah, and the city of giants then passed out the pages of history.
The exact location of the city is unknown. Its early passing from historical mention and the absence of information of the whereabout of the giants of this region makes the tracking of it impossible.
We have only the archaeological remains of five giants found in Northern Peru. The remains belong to a culture that began its existence between AD 100 and 800. They were a farming and fishing community of people. They constructed irrigation canals, pyramids, palaces and temples.
The artifacts inside the tombs include ceramics, textiles, and human sacrifices. The quality of the ceramics and metal work is astonishing. The objects were often decorated with scenes of hunting, fishing, combat, punishment, sexual encounters and elaborate ceremonies. The particular richness in one of the tombs suggests that its occupant had wielded enormous power. The man's face was covered with a mask made of copper and gold. Images of bats, common in Moche depictions of human sacrifice and ritual blood drinking, filled the man's tomb, including a headdress decorated with gilded copper bats and a bat nose ornament of solid gold.
These giants apparently are the remnants of the Anakims. Only time will give us the connecting dots missing in history about what happened to its race.
The legend match with a narrative mentioned in the Bible in the Book of Samuel, chapter 6, in which a race of Giants inhabited a region in Mesopotamia. The place was known as a processing center for agricultural goods.
The city's history begins well before the Philistines or Israelites arrived into the region.
During the Philistine control the territory had five axis lords that were giants and executed great powers. The place was the birthplace of Goliath and other giant warriors, and at the time that Israel crossed the Jordan into the Promised Land, the giant's race of the Anakim controlled the region. Joshua 11; 1 Sam 17; 2 Sam 21; 1 Chron. 20. The giants that resided in the territory were called Gittites. Joshua 13.
Joshua's conquest of the Promised Land did not include the territory occupied by these giants. This was to be accomplished later. Accordingly, God instructed Joshua to assign the region to the 12 tribes. Judah was the tribe receiving the territory in which this city of giants was located. Josh.13; 15.
Both the Ephraimites and Benjamites skirmished with the Gittites. 1Chron.7; 8. In Samuel's day the captured Ark of the Covenant was brought to the city of the giants, with disastrous consequences to the city's inhabitants. 1 Sam. 5. Shortly thereafter Israel subdued the power of these giants and certain cities that they had taken from Israel kept coming back to Israel from the regions that their power were placed. 1 Sam 7.
David purportedly met Goliath, who came from these race of giants, in a legendary man-to-man conflict. 1Sam 17; 2 Sam 21. From this city of giants David began to curry favor with the leaders of Judah who under Saul's power controlled the region. David found refuge in this place in his flight from Saul, when he was being pursued as an enemy of the king. The city's king granted refugee status to David. People from the Negeb region and the city of Hebron and men from the city of the giants (Gittites) became David's most loyal supporters throughout his reign. 2 Sam. 15.
After Israel losing control over the region, the place was conquered by the Aramean king Hazael and its strategic location on the ROAD leading UP to Jerusalem via Elah Valley and Bethlehem was used in an attack against Jerusalem. 2 Kings 12.
The region was then taken by the Assyrian king Sargon as part of his purported conquest of Judah, and the city of giants then passed out the pages of history.
The exact location of the city is unknown. Its early passing from historical mention and the absence of information of the whereabout of the giants of this region makes the tracking of it impossible.
We have only the archaeological remains of five giants found in Northern Peru. The remains belong to a culture that began its existence between AD 100 and 800. They were a farming and fishing community of people. They constructed irrigation canals, pyramids, palaces and temples.
The artifacts inside the tombs include ceramics, textiles, and human sacrifices. The quality of the ceramics and metal work is astonishing. The objects were often decorated with scenes of hunting, fishing, combat, punishment, sexual encounters and elaborate ceremonies. The particular richness in one of the tombs suggests that its occupant had wielded enormous power. The man's face was covered with a mask made of copper and gold. Images of bats, common in Moche depictions of human sacrifice and ritual blood drinking, filled the man's tomb, including a headdress decorated with gilded copper bats and a bat nose ornament of solid gold.
These giants apparently are the remnants of the Anakims. Only time will give us the connecting dots missing in history about what happened to its race.
Thursday, June 4, 2015
THE INCREDIBLE POWER OF RECIPROCITY IN THE INCAN EMPIRE
The TAHUANTINSUYU meaning "Four Parts Together" or "Land of the Four Quarters" reigned in South America stretching as far North as southern Colombia and Ecuador, including Peru and Bolivia as well as northwestern Argentine and northern Chile.
FIVE PRINCIPLES defined the Andean way of life: To Love (Munay), To Learn, Know and Remember (Yachay), To Work (Llan'kay), Respect Life (Kawsay), and Reciprocity (Ayni).
Among all of them, Reciprocity (Ayni) was regarded as the most important principle, as it provided the BACKBONE OF LIFE. It was understood as an exchange of energy between humans, nature, and the universe.
By observation they gave this lesson: a tree that is watered by humans uses this water to convert carbon dioxide into oxygen and glucose. The oxygen is used by humans to perform respiration and survive, and some glucose may eventually find its way into products that humans use such as fruits. In return, humans convert oxygen back to carbon dioxide for use by the tree, as well as planting seeds that the tree produced to develop more trees. Also it will rip rewards to the simple act of watering a tree as it will provide shade, act as barriers for the wind, as soil anchors, and much more.
The cosmos was perceived dual and hierarchical with a variety of opposing forces jostling in position through on-going action. Their world view was animistic. The idea that life and will were intrinsically connected with spiritual forces acting in the three levels of reality in which humans were part of, was the central point of their religion.
The Supreme Deity or Creator God (Viracocha) was remote from the people. The Sun and the Moon were treated as two opposing forces that acted in the realm where humans lived. A three part balance was the aim of all principles. The Supreme Deity was the only one able to be transferred from one realm to the other. The other two were understood as twin forces able to gain balance and complementing each other as long as human behavior accepted the laws governing such balance.
The Five Principles were followed and the reciprocity they enjoyed was seen through the way of life they had during the glorious time of the Incan Empire.
Certain aspects of these principles are still done by the remnant left that still live up in the mountains.
FIVE PRINCIPLES defined the Andean way of life: To Love (Munay), To Learn, Know and Remember (Yachay), To Work (Llan'kay), Respect Life (Kawsay), and Reciprocity (Ayni).
Among all of them, Reciprocity (Ayni) was regarded as the most important principle, as it provided the BACKBONE OF LIFE. It was understood as an exchange of energy between humans, nature, and the universe.
By observation they gave this lesson: a tree that is watered by humans uses this water to convert carbon dioxide into oxygen and glucose. The oxygen is used by humans to perform respiration and survive, and some glucose may eventually find its way into products that humans use such as fruits. In return, humans convert oxygen back to carbon dioxide for use by the tree, as well as planting seeds that the tree produced to develop more trees. Also it will rip rewards to the simple act of watering a tree as it will provide shade, act as barriers for the wind, as soil anchors, and much more.
The cosmos was perceived dual and hierarchical with a variety of opposing forces jostling in position through on-going action. Their world view was animistic. The idea that life and will were intrinsically connected with spiritual forces acting in the three levels of reality in which humans were part of, was the central point of their religion.
The Supreme Deity or Creator God (Viracocha) was remote from the people. The Sun and the Moon were treated as two opposing forces that acted in the realm where humans lived. A three part balance was the aim of all principles. The Supreme Deity was the only one able to be transferred from one realm to the other. The other two were understood as twin forces able to gain balance and complementing each other as long as human behavior accepted the laws governing such balance.
The Five Principles were followed and the reciprocity they enjoyed was seen through the way of life they had during the glorious time of the Incan Empire.
Certain aspects of these principles are still done by the remnant left that still live up in the mountains.
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