THE WAR FOR SURVIVAL.

In the tropical FOREST of SUDAMERICA a struggle for survival always took place either between two mighty GIANTS or between butterflies and plants. In this case we are talking about the war between Heliconius butterflies and the Passionflower vines.
In order to reproduce themselves, the butterflies are force to lay eggs on the leaves of passionflowers vines. When the eggs hatch, the offspring feed hungrily on the leaves, that behaviour threatens the passionflower vine to be eaten leaving them out of existence.
NATURE has mechanisms or coverings that are systematically applied to any circumstances giving us the image of the living soul that plant kingdom has. The plant takes a corresponded action in order to survive the attack. The vine have learned to fight back, it applies a series of defenses to limit the damage.
Heliconius butterflies rely mainly on their SIGHT to find the specific type of vines. Knowing this as a fact, the vines vary the shapes of their leaves so they CAMOUFLAGE themselves and made them look like any other plant.
Heliconius butterflies are not easily fooled. They are able to distinguish between the leaves of the passionflower vine and those of other plants by TOUCH: they drum their legs on the surface of the leaf.
The passionflower vine far from giving up use yet another TRICK.  They know that the Heliconius butterfly's offspring has a tendency to EAT ONE ANOTHER, female butterflies are reluctant to lay their eggs on leaves with eggs that may contain potentially LETHAL LARVAE.
Knowing this as a fact, the passionflower vine produces FAKE EGGS in the form of yellow spots, making the Heliconius butterflies believe in the mimic eggs.
Additional weapons the vines employ include the SECRETION OF NECTAR to attract predatory wasps and ants, and, on some species, spikes with chemicals that can paralyse the young caterpillars
Since the vine leaves are poisonous to all caterpillars except the Heliconius and a few other insects, competition for food is reduced. The TOXINS they receive from the leaves, made themselves unpalatable to birds. Consequently, they live longer than many other species of butterflies, perhaps long enough to devise fresh ways to outwit the resourceful passionflower.