ORIGEN OF PLAZA OF ARMS OF LIMA, PERU.

The Plaza of Arms of Lima is the birthplace of Lima, "City of the Kings,"as well as the core of the city.
Although severely damaged by earthquakes, it was, until the middle of the 18th century, the capital and most important city of the Spanish crown in South America.
Lima was the political, administrative, religious and economic capital of the Viceroyalty of Peru and the most important city of the Spanish crown in South America. It played a leading role in the history of the  expansion of Spain as an important source of power from 1542 to the 18th century when the creation of the Viceroyalties of New Granada (1718) and of La Plata (1777) gradually put an end to the power and omnipotence of he Spanish crown on South America.
In 1523, King Charles I (24 February 1500 - 21 September 1558) of Spain mandated the Procedures for the creation of the city, the largest of its type in this part of the world, located in the Rimac Valley. These procedures indicated that after outlining a city's plan on the territories led by the Chiefdom of Rimac, growth should follow a grid centered on the square shape of the plaza.
On the day of the foundation of the city, January 18, 1535, the illegitimate son of an infantry soldier and a woman of poor means, Francisco Pizarro (little attention was paid to his education and he grew up illiterate), conforming to established procedure and purpose, designated a location to build the Plaza. Later parcels were splitted between him and the major. Pizarro, taking advantage of his title of founder and governor, took a large parcel of land between the North side of the plaza and the Rimac River.
The lot of the South of the plaza was designated to be a church, the Western lot was to be the site of a city council, and the rest of the lots were divided among the rest of his people. It was the finest and most well-formed plaza ever seen, even in the land of Spain, occupying an entire block with the width of 4 streets on one side and 4 streets on the other, and with all 4 sides it measured more than 2,000 ft.
The Plaza of Arms is surrounded by the Government Palace, Cathedral of Lima, Archbishop's Palace, the Municipal Palace, and the Palace of the Union. The name of the streets that surround the Plaza are Jiron Junin, Jiron de la Union, Jiron Huallaga, and Jiron Carabaya.
Charles was the heir of 3 of Europe's leading dynasties: the House of Valois-Burgundy (Netherlands), Habsburg (Holy Roman Empire), and Trastamara (Spain). He was the ruler of both the Spanish crown and the Holy Roman Empire from 1519, as well as of the Habsburg Netherlands from 1506.
Charles, as heir of the House of Valois-Burgundy, inherited the Burgundian crown (a number of Imperial and French fiefs that was a central element of feudalism, heritable property of rights granted by an overlord to a vassal who held it as a pledge of alliance or in fee) ruled in personal union by the House of Valois-Burgundy and their Habsburg heirs in the period from 1384 to 1482. The area comprised large parts of present-day Belgium and the Netherlands, as well as Luxembourg and parts of Northern France. Charles also inherited the region named "Free Country"(Franche-Comte) inhabited since the prehistoric period of human history and was occupied by the Gauls. Little touched by the Germanic migrations, it was part of the territory of a confederation of Germanic Tribes on the Upper Rhine River in the 5yh century, then the Kingdom of Burgundy from 457 to 534. It was Christianized through the influence of Columban (Irish: Columban, 543 - 21 November 615) notably for founding a number of monasteries from around 590 in the Frankish and Lombard kingdoms, and a key figure in a series of missions and expeditions initiated by various Irish clerics and cleric-scholars. The name did not appear officially until 1366. It had been a territory of the County of Burgundy from 888, and becoming subject to the Holy Roman Empire in 1034. It was definitively separated from the neighboring Duchy of Burgundy upon its incorporation into the Kingdom of France in 1477.
Charles, from his own dynasty, the Habsburgs, inherited Austria and other lands in Central Europe.
Charles was also elected to succeed his Habsburg grandfather, Maximilian I, as Holy Roman Emperor, a title held by the Habsburgs since 1440.
Charles, from the Spanish House of Trastamara, inherited the crowns of Castile, which was in the process of developing enough power through the conquest of new lands around the world, and Aragon, which included a Mediterranean power through lands extending to Southern Italy.
The House of Trastamara was a dynasty of kings in Spain, which first governed in Castile beginning in 1369 before expanding its rule into Aragon, Navarre and Naples. They were an illegitimate cadet line of the House of Ivrea. They ruled throughout a period of military struggle with Aragon. Their family was sustained with large amounts of inbreeding, which led to a disputed struggles over rightful claims to the Castilian throne. This lineage ultimately ruled in Castile from the rise to power of Henry II in 1369 through the unification of the crowns under Ferdinand of Aragon and isabella of Castile, second cousins, being both descendants from John I of Castile. When they married on October 19, 1469, in the city of Valladolid; Isabella was 18 years old and Ferdinand a year younger, giving birth to an unified Spain. The court was constantly on the move in order to bolster local support fro the crown from local feudal lords. The title of "Catholic King and Queen" was bestowed on them by Pope Alexander VI in 1494, in recognition of their defense of the Catholic faith within their realms. After a number of revolts, they ordered the expulsion from their lands of all Jews and Muslims. People who became Catholic were not subject to expulsion, but between 1480 and 1492 hundreds of those who had converted were accused of secretly practicing their original religion, then arrested, imprisoned, interrogated under torture, and in some cases burned to death, in both Castile and Aragon.
Charles, the eldest son of Philip the Handsome  of the House of Habsburg and Joanna of Castile (daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella) was the very first king to rule Castile and Aragon simultaneously in his own right, and as a result he is sometimes referred to as "the first King of Spain." These personal union resulted in the formation of a kind of universal monarchy since the death of Louis the Pious (778-20 June 840), King of the Franks and co-Emperor (as Louis I) with his father, Charlemagne, from 813.
Because of widespread fears that his vast inheritance would lead to the realization of a universal crown creating a European hegemony, Charles was the object of hostility from many enemies. His reign was dominated by war, and particularly by 3 major simultaneous conflicts: the Habsburg-Valois Wars with France fought in Italy, the struggle to halt the Ottoman advance in Hungary and Vienna, and the Protestant Reformation which he opposed resulting in conflict with the German princes. The Castilian and Burgundian territories remained mostly loyal to Charles throughout his rule.
The inclusion of the territories of the New World, the Americas, were the chief source of his power and wealth, and they became increasingly important as his reign progressed. Castilian control was extended across much of South and Central America. The resulting vast invasion and expansion of territory and the flows of gold and silver taken from it had a very profound long term effect on the wealth of his reign. As a result, his domains spanned nearly 4 million square kilometers and were the first to be described as "the empire on which the sun never sets."