Thursday, January 1, 2015

What was the meaning of an AYLLU in the Incan Empire?

During the TAHUANTINSUYU (land of the for quarters), an AYLLU encompassed all the living and non-living organisms located in a given territory. Each individual living in an AYLLU were thought as a way of communication (symbolic connection) with the earth and at the same time with the other living beings belonging to the AYLLU. Nature and society were  the most important key elements of the community.
The earth was depicted as a tent resting on pegs, with a cover on it. The four different places in which the winds were allowed to escape were the work of heaven.
The land of the empire was considered and still is in some part of the Andes communities, as a collective and indivisible property. The community as a whole own all the lands (URAQPACHA) of an AYLLU. Then the family units ran the QALLPAS that are small plots of land to cultivate. The families are considered the main cells of the AYLLUS, being entitled by the community to the rights and responsibilities that steam from the use of the resources.
During the Inca Empire, the Sapa Inca was at the very high position in the government and distribution of power over the land. The power was understood as similar to the power of the FOUR WINDS towards the FOUR CORNERS of the earth. Thus the land was divided into FOUR QUATERS.
The Inca was considered the descendant of the Sun God Inti, the ruler of the Sun's power in earth. He ruled this power from the capital city CUZCO. Following the Sapa Inca in power were the members of the Supreme Council named the APUS. There were 16 men in the Supreme Council.  Each APU had 4 men, and EACH QUARTER had 4 APUS (16 men in total).
Within the four quarters, the subdivision of the land was called AYLLUS or clans (small communities) ruled by a governor called APU-CUNA whose primary responsibility was to make sure its land and people were working smoothly.
The APU-CUNA placed officials that included army officers, priests, judges and others from the noble class. The tax collectors were placed next to them. There was one tax collector for each AYLLU.
The laborers were the majority of the population, very similar in nature to the bee world in the production of honey. The laborers were the driving force behind the Inca economy and the reason the hierarchical political system was in place.
The Inca system was the most advanced system at the time.


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