Kuelap's Fortress is an ancient walled city, the largest stone complex in South America, located at 3000 m. above sea level, higher than the site of Machu Picchu.
The huge stone complex is fairly isolated, situated on a mountain ridge about 3000 m high, in the Amazonian Region with a landscape of steep river gorges and mountains, overlooking the Utcubamba Valley, far from the coast region, in Chacahpoyas, Northern Peru. The fortress consists of a walled city, with massive exterior stones surrounding more than 450 buildings. It is 600m in length, 110 m in width, and its walls rise up to 19 m height.
The high walls that cover the outer surfaces of the platform, and the tightness of the access to the citadel in its final stretch, suggest that the monumental citadel was a kind of refuge center in the event of natural disasters. Its sacred religious function is shown through the number of sacred rivers running underground and the sacred composition of its waters.
It is said that the piezoelectric calcite content in the chemical composition of it had a resonating effect in the pineal gland, producing a collective and unifying effect in the synchronization of the universal electromagnetic field and the earth electromagnetic field.
The superior or principal official that were heads of the clans that belonged to the Chachapoya community, responsible to the care of the Amazonian Region, were invested with religious authority, powerful enough to act as mediators between the supernatural sphere and the mortal realm. They were responsible for making sure that the spirit world blessed the mortal one with prosperity, and were held accountable if disaster strike. They were the tax collectors in that specific sense.
A powerful aristocracy lived inside the complex whose primary mission was to provide religious leadership and to administer food production.
Access to the ruins of Kuelap at the summit of the hill that rises on the left bank of the Utcubamba, is gained via El Tingo, a town approximately 1800 m above sea level near the bank of the river. A horse trail also winds along the left bank of the Tingo River and leads eventually up to Marcapampa, a small level upland near the site.
Sunday, November 22, 2015
Saturday, November 14, 2015
THE INCAS HAVE NO CLASS OF TRADERS AT ALL.
The Inca Empire is the only one advanced civilization in the Old and New Worlds that traders did not exist within its boundaries and the verticality of its power did not let commerce with means of financial gains develop. The language that they use to obtain what they need to survive at that high altitude was sharing and everything produced in the land in a vertical way was distributed among its subjects in a right amount making no one left unattended.
In the Old World, on the contrary, the horizontal way of commerce was common. By the second millennium BC, former Cyprus had become a major Mediterranean player by ferrying its vast copper resources to the Near East and Egypt. These regions , in turn, were very wealthy due to their own natural resources such as papyrus and wool. Phoenicia, famous for its seafaring expertise, commercialized its valuable cedar wood and linens dyes all over the Mediterranean. China prospered by trading Jade, spices, and later, silk. Britain did the same with its abundance of tin. In the absence of roads, the most efficient way to transport goods from one place to another was by sea.
During the time Christopher Columbus, his birthplace, Genoa was one of Europe's largest cities on the Mediterranean Sea and the largest Sea Port in Italy, also the capital city of the Ligurian Region and the 6th largest city in Italy. Its massive shipyards and its solid financial reputation goes back to the Middle Ages. The Bank of Saint George, founded in 1407 is among the oldest in the World and it played an important role in the financial support given to the Kings in order to find new ways to get rich through the commercialization of their goods. When they arrive to the American lands they really thought they were in India. With their arrival, an old branch of human race mixed with a pure and clean one formed with different way of life. Diseases from the Old World came with them and killed the inhabitants of the new world in a massive way since they never had it and did not have enough time to develop immunity in their bodies like the Europeans did. They already had experienced numerous plagues because of the overcrowded cities, lack of planning, lack of sanitation and an enormous greed of becoming rich.
To the massive Inca Empire, the largest in South America, that stretched a total length of 2,485 miles, essentially the length of the Continent between the Ancasmayo River at the border of modern day Colombia and Ecuador, all the way to Maule River in modern day Chile, the greatest mystery in the eyes of the first Europeans that landed in American lands and couldn't comprehend was the superb economy that the people of the New World had without a trading class and market places to lean on.
When the Europeans arrived to the lands of the Incas they were astonish and felt intimidated when they saw the enormous Empire the Incas had without leaning in the language of commerce and marketplaces they were used to.
The Incas were able to incorporate lands from today's Colombia, Chile, Bolivia, Ecuador, Argentina, and Peru and connect all of them by a vast highway system across the Andes Mountain tops and down to the shoreline whose complexity rivaled any in the Old World, and has never been surpassed.
The superb knowledge in planning and architectural designs made them master builders and experienced land planners, capable of extremely sophisticated Mountain agriculture, and able to built cities around to important locations in the high altitudes of the Andes mountains to match the purpose of its design.
They elders spent most of its time instructing the young generations in the continuity of their knowledge and understanding of the cosmological forces that governed their universe. The elders specialized them in planning the agricultural uses of newly-absorbed areas according to the mountain seasons. Also they learned agricultural methods and applied the instruction in building terraced farms on the mountainsides whose crops - from potatoes and maize to peanuts and squash- were carefully chosen to thrive in the average temperatures for different altitudes. Timing was so important to them.
Very few in today's world realize how much we owe to the Incas. Very few appreciate that they gave to the Old World so many varieties of potatoes and corn and such useful herbs from which good remedies were obtained to combat common illnesses.
In the Old World, on the contrary, the horizontal way of commerce was common. By the second millennium BC, former Cyprus had become a major Mediterranean player by ferrying its vast copper resources to the Near East and Egypt. These regions , in turn, were very wealthy due to their own natural resources such as papyrus and wool. Phoenicia, famous for its seafaring expertise, commercialized its valuable cedar wood and linens dyes all over the Mediterranean. China prospered by trading Jade, spices, and later, silk. Britain did the same with its abundance of tin. In the absence of roads, the most efficient way to transport goods from one place to another was by sea.
During the time Christopher Columbus, his birthplace, Genoa was one of Europe's largest cities on the Mediterranean Sea and the largest Sea Port in Italy, also the capital city of the Ligurian Region and the 6th largest city in Italy. Its massive shipyards and its solid financial reputation goes back to the Middle Ages. The Bank of Saint George, founded in 1407 is among the oldest in the World and it played an important role in the financial support given to the Kings in order to find new ways to get rich through the commercialization of their goods. When they arrive to the American lands they really thought they were in India. With their arrival, an old branch of human race mixed with a pure and clean one formed with different way of life. Diseases from the Old World came with them and killed the inhabitants of the new world in a massive way since they never had it and did not have enough time to develop immunity in their bodies like the Europeans did. They already had experienced numerous plagues because of the overcrowded cities, lack of planning, lack of sanitation and an enormous greed of becoming rich.
To the massive Inca Empire, the largest in South America, that stretched a total length of 2,485 miles, essentially the length of the Continent between the Ancasmayo River at the border of modern day Colombia and Ecuador, all the way to Maule River in modern day Chile, the greatest mystery in the eyes of the first Europeans that landed in American lands and couldn't comprehend was the superb economy that the people of the New World had without a trading class and market places to lean on.
When the Europeans arrived to the lands of the Incas they were astonish and felt intimidated when they saw the enormous Empire the Incas had without leaning in the language of commerce and marketplaces they were used to.
The Incas were able to incorporate lands from today's Colombia, Chile, Bolivia, Ecuador, Argentina, and Peru and connect all of them by a vast highway system across the Andes Mountain tops and down to the shoreline whose complexity rivaled any in the Old World, and has never been surpassed.
The superb knowledge in planning and architectural designs made them master builders and experienced land planners, capable of extremely sophisticated Mountain agriculture, and able to built cities around to important locations in the high altitudes of the Andes mountains to match the purpose of its design.
They elders spent most of its time instructing the young generations in the continuity of their knowledge and understanding of the cosmological forces that governed their universe. The elders specialized them in planning the agricultural uses of newly-absorbed areas according to the mountain seasons. Also they learned agricultural methods and applied the instruction in building terraced farms on the mountainsides whose crops - from potatoes and maize to peanuts and squash- were carefully chosen to thrive in the average temperatures for different altitudes. Timing was so important to them.
Very few in today's world realize how much we owe to the Incas. Very few appreciate that they gave to the Old World so many varieties of potatoes and corn and such useful herbs from which good remedies were obtained to combat common illnesses.
Sunday, November 8, 2015
SACRED PATHWAYS OF THE INCA
The sacred pathways of the Inca refers to a trail, field, boundary, or linear expression of energy that was treated as a sacred manifestation of the cosmic force showing them the journey or pilgrimage they had to follow in order to maintain balance with the universal forces.
According to this pathways of cosmic energy, the Inca territory was divided into 4 sections called "Suyos." The local name for the land was "Tahuantinsuyo," meaning "4 parts together."
Cuzco, the capital, was the center and meeting point of these 4 sections, which converged at Coricancha, the temple of the Sun. Radiating out from the Coricancha, the pathway contained numerous shrines that were treated as religious places of ceremonial significance.
Cuzco, then, was split in half, Hanan Cuzco to the North and Hurin Cuzco to the South, with each half containing 2 of the 4 "Suyos."
The city was designed as a miniature model of what the empire would expand during the time of its existence. Every place where the Inca land expanded the pathway followed was the exact replica of the one in Cuzco.
Some of the pathways were straight lines of energy, while others zigzag their way across the landscape. They never crossed one another, although often they were running parallel to one another.
The Inca Quipu system were used to map them. It was a way of storing information by using knots on connected strings. Calendar and astronomical events were associated with it, and sometimes a description of the environment in which the pathway passed through.
The position of the shrines were related to Inca understanding of astronomy. The number of them on each trail varied, typically from 3 to 13 or more. Certain people from specific kin groups were designated as caretakers for each of them. Not everybody was able to resist the amount of radiation that those shrines produced.
The Inca were able to receive information from the environment through the human energy field. They were able to detect which part of their land were energized and which part was drained.
As the energy field interact with the surroundings, they also were able to protect themselves from the harmful effects of sun and cosmic radiation. They were very knowledgeable about it given the fact that their habitat was in the mountains at altitudes between 2500 - 5000 meters above sea level with an spectacular and varied geography.
According to this pathways of cosmic energy, the Inca territory was divided into 4 sections called "Suyos." The local name for the land was "Tahuantinsuyo," meaning "4 parts together."
Cuzco, the capital, was the center and meeting point of these 4 sections, which converged at Coricancha, the temple of the Sun. Radiating out from the Coricancha, the pathway contained numerous shrines that were treated as religious places of ceremonial significance.
Cuzco, then, was split in half, Hanan Cuzco to the North and Hurin Cuzco to the South, with each half containing 2 of the 4 "Suyos."
The city was designed as a miniature model of what the empire would expand during the time of its existence. Every place where the Inca land expanded the pathway followed was the exact replica of the one in Cuzco.
Some of the pathways were straight lines of energy, while others zigzag their way across the landscape. They never crossed one another, although often they were running parallel to one another.
The Inca Quipu system were used to map them. It was a way of storing information by using knots on connected strings. Calendar and astronomical events were associated with it, and sometimes a description of the environment in which the pathway passed through.
The position of the shrines were related to Inca understanding of astronomy. The number of them on each trail varied, typically from 3 to 13 or more. Certain people from specific kin groups were designated as caretakers for each of them. Not everybody was able to resist the amount of radiation that those shrines produced.
The Inca were able to receive information from the environment through the human energy field. They were able to detect which part of their land were energized and which part was drained.
As the energy field interact with the surroundings, they also were able to protect themselves from the harmful effects of sun and cosmic radiation. They were very knowledgeable about it given the fact that their habitat was in the mountains at altitudes between 2500 - 5000 meters above sea level with an spectacular and varied geography.
Wednesday, October 28, 2015
WHAT LED THE INCAS TO BE A GREAT EMPIRE.
The Inca Empire, at the height of its existence, was the largest nation on Earth and remains the largest Andean State to have ever existed in the Western Hemisphere. The Inca system were able to control an area almost 3000 miles in extent, stretching from Colombia in the North to deep South into what is now Chile along the High Mountains of the Andes, and from Argentina in the East to the Pacific ocean in the West. The Empire reached a stunning level of achievement in the design of its statecraft and lasted as long as they were able to unify all manpower and maintain an careful equilibrium between themselves and their environment and with the establishment of a system of exchange among neighboring communities and cultures.
The magnificent society was made up of more than 10 million subjects. Cuzco, which emerged as the richest city in the New World, was the centre of their world, the home of its leaders. The riches gathered in the city of Cuzco alone, were incredible. Therein were many palaces that belonged to the living Inca and to the dead ones, each containing all the treasures obtained in life. The living Inca did not touch the sacred estate of his predecessor.
They believed in the existence of parallel dimensions all interrelated. Within these dimensions, wars had different outcomes since these different levels of existence were governed by different types of laws and their operational system were in a deeper level than the one we know.
The Incas were able to define the basic divisions of the universe, and their main purpose as a human beings was to maintain these divisions in harmony establishing means of exchange of energies between them.
According to their believe, the universe is being held in balance by the two opposing forces of existence and non-existence. Existence symbolizes the struggle for the stability of matter, while non-existence exists for the disintegration of that same matter.
The Inca's commandments were: -search for the truth; -work hard; -and respect every form of life.
Searching for the truth dealt with the inner attitude of the heart. It contained the secrets of life and had to be found within the soul. It was guided by leaders who went in a journey of so many tests and through it achieved the knowledge and understanding the wisdom of the old. They were custodians of the very deep truth about the nature of life, the cosmic interrelation and the secrets of the universe.
The cult of the ancestors was extremely important in Inca belief because they were the bridge of communication between the world of the living and the world of the dead. Deceased rulers were mummified and then treated as intermediaries with the world of their gods. The mummies were presented in public during religious festivals, offered food and gifts, and consulted important matters by special oracles.
Each new Inca practiced the laws of reciprocity and verticality in order to secure his own legacy and place for eternity. The Inca State provided roads and irrigation projects and hard to get goods. Maize, for example, was usually grown in a well irrigated land with a state sponsored irrigation project to help to its cultivation and was very important as a ritual crop.
The Inca aqueducts were used to increase arable land and provide drinking water and baths to the population. Due to the scarcity in the Andean region, advanced water management allowed the Inca to thrive and expand along much the Pacific coast of South America. Many structures, some of which survive today, show the advanced hydraulic and civil engineering capabilities of the Inca.
Throughout the empire, a complex system of roads was constructed with bridge and causeways when needed. Along these roads, way stations or tambos were placed about a day's walk apart to serve as inns, store houses, and supply centers for Inca armies on the move. Tambos also served as relay points for the system of runners who carried messages throughout the empire. The Inca maintained over 10,000 tambos.
Metals, especially gold and silver, were treated as holy metals. They believed that gold had the special quality to hold and transmit solar energy.
Cuzco was chosen to be the receptive city of this solar energy through the Temple of the Sun. The temple had a garden made of pure gold. Everything in this garden was made of solid gold: trees, plants, flowers, rocks, butterflies. The symbolism of this garden was very important since it was the heart of Inti, the Sun God. The fame of Cuzco as the "Golden City" was tremendous.
To the people, gold was not important as a possession. Their belief was centered in "being human" with the heart of a human in connection with the heart of Inti, the Sun God. Having earthly possessions as humans meant to them like robbing nature from its natural energy captured or reflected in their soils. Everything had a purpose of existence, their job was to maintain its balance.
When the Spaniards arrived, gold was the treasure they wanted the most and they developed such level of greed that they readily killed almost the whole empire for the sake of it.
Europeans' world that was in a complete chaos at the time when the Inca Empire flourished. Their crisis was in their spiritual and moral values. People were totally seduced by their own pride and their own destructive nature. They only saw in the Incas Empire a strange world, a dark world for them, but, in reality, it was the reflection of their limited consciousness, the dark world was in them.
The magnificent society was made up of more than 10 million subjects. Cuzco, which emerged as the richest city in the New World, was the centre of their world, the home of its leaders. The riches gathered in the city of Cuzco alone, were incredible. Therein were many palaces that belonged to the living Inca and to the dead ones, each containing all the treasures obtained in life. The living Inca did not touch the sacred estate of his predecessor.
They believed in the existence of parallel dimensions all interrelated. Within these dimensions, wars had different outcomes since these different levels of existence were governed by different types of laws and their operational system were in a deeper level than the one we know.
The Incas were able to define the basic divisions of the universe, and their main purpose as a human beings was to maintain these divisions in harmony establishing means of exchange of energies between them.
According to their believe, the universe is being held in balance by the two opposing forces of existence and non-existence. Existence symbolizes the struggle for the stability of matter, while non-existence exists for the disintegration of that same matter.
The Inca's commandments were: -search for the truth; -work hard; -and respect every form of life.
Searching for the truth dealt with the inner attitude of the heart. It contained the secrets of life and had to be found within the soul. It was guided by leaders who went in a journey of so many tests and through it achieved the knowledge and understanding the wisdom of the old. They were custodians of the very deep truth about the nature of life, the cosmic interrelation and the secrets of the universe.
The cult of the ancestors was extremely important in Inca belief because they were the bridge of communication between the world of the living and the world of the dead. Deceased rulers were mummified and then treated as intermediaries with the world of their gods. The mummies were presented in public during religious festivals, offered food and gifts, and consulted important matters by special oracles.
Each new Inca practiced the laws of reciprocity and verticality in order to secure his own legacy and place for eternity. The Inca State provided roads and irrigation projects and hard to get goods. Maize, for example, was usually grown in a well irrigated land with a state sponsored irrigation project to help to its cultivation and was very important as a ritual crop.
The Inca aqueducts were used to increase arable land and provide drinking water and baths to the population. Due to the scarcity in the Andean region, advanced water management allowed the Inca to thrive and expand along much the Pacific coast of South America. Many structures, some of which survive today, show the advanced hydraulic and civil engineering capabilities of the Inca.
Throughout the empire, a complex system of roads was constructed with bridge and causeways when needed. Along these roads, way stations or tambos were placed about a day's walk apart to serve as inns, store houses, and supply centers for Inca armies on the move. Tambos also served as relay points for the system of runners who carried messages throughout the empire. The Inca maintained over 10,000 tambos.
Metals, especially gold and silver, were treated as holy metals. They believed that gold had the special quality to hold and transmit solar energy.
Cuzco was chosen to be the receptive city of this solar energy through the Temple of the Sun. The temple had a garden made of pure gold. Everything in this garden was made of solid gold: trees, plants, flowers, rocks, butterflies. The symbolism of this garden was very important since it was the heart of Inti, the Sun God. The fame of Cuzco as the "Golden City" was tremendous.
To the people, gold was not important as a possession. Their belief was centered in "being human" with the heart of a human in connection with the heart of Inti, the Sun God. Having earthly possessions as humans meant to them like robbing nature from its natural energy captured or reflected in their soils. Everything had a purpose of existence, their job was to maintain its balance.
When the Spaniards arrived, gold was the treasure they wanted the most and they developed such level of greed that they readily killed almost the whole empire for the sake of it.
Europeans' world that was in a complete chaos at the time when the Inca Empire flourished. Their crisis was in their spiritual and moral values. People were totally seduced by their own pride and their own destructive nature. They only saw in the Incas Empire a strange world, a dark world for them, but, in reality, it was the reflection of their limited consciousness, the dark world was in them.
Thursday, October 22, 2015
THE INCA BATHS.
The Inca Baths are a set of natural hot springs located in the Department of Cajamarca in the North Andean zone of Peru at 2667 meters above sea level. It is composed by several gardens and pools.
The pool used by the Inca is 4 meters length, 4 meters wide, and 1.7 meters depth. The Incas used it for cleansing the negative energies absorbed during battles, relaxing and for recreational purposes.
Incas believed that the natural hot water had a very powerful energy that was able to wash away any unwanted energy in conjunction with the solar sun rays that burned off negative lines of energy surrounding them.
They were very familiar with the understanding of the electromagnetic field that surrounded every organism and objects in the universe. They also knew that the human body is a collection of electro-magnetic energies of varying densities that permeate through and emit or exit from the physical body.
They also were aware about the information sent from the environment through the energy field when it was weakening its power and sensed disastrous events.
The Incas constructed several structures around the hot springs to enjoy them when they were performing the cleansing of their physical bodies accompanied with the relaxing view of the scenery surrounding the place.
The quechua name to the site is "Inti Puquio" that means "Spring of the Sun" or "Divine Spring."Also it used to be called "Nina Yaqu" meaning "Fire Water" and "Pultumarca" meaning "Hot Place," the name of the town that lodges it.
The waters contain a great variety of minerals, such as sodium, potassium, lithium, strontium, calcium, iron, magnesium, and silica. They come from two different sources named "The Small Jars (los perolitos)" and "The Gluton" (el tragadero). The steaming liquid emerges from the volcanic rock of the subsoil, reaching temperatures between 65*C (149*F) and 75*C (167*F). The thermal waters are now famous because they possess therapeutic properties for treatment of bone and nervous disorders, as well as bronchial and rheumatic diseases.
The pool used by the Inca is 4 meters length, 4 meters wide, and 1.7 meters depth. The Incas used it for cleansing the negative energies absorbed during battles, relaxing and for recreational purposes.
Incas believed that the natural hot water had a very powerful energy that was able to wash away any unwanted energy in conjunction with the solar sun rays that burned off negative lines of energy surrounding them.
They were very familiar with the understanding of the electromagnetic field that surrounded every organism and objects in the universe. They also knew that the human body is a collection of electro-magnetic energies of varying densities that permeate through and emit or exit from the physical body.
They also were aware about the information sent from the environment through the energy field when it was weakening its power and sensed disastrous events.
The Incas constructed several structures around the hot springs to enjoy them when they were performing the cleansing of their physical bodies accompanied with the relaxing view of the scenery surrounding the place.
The quechua name to the site is "Inti Puquio" that means "Spring of the Sun" or "Divine Spring."Also it used to be called "Nina Yaqu" meaning "Fire Water" and "Pultumarca" meaning "Hot Place," the name of the town that lodges it.
The waters contain a great variety of minerals, such as sodium, potassium, lithium, strontium, calcium, iron, magnesium, and silica. They come from two different sources named "The Small Jars (los perolitos)" and "The Gluton" (el tragadero). The steaming liquid emerges from the volcanic rock of the subsoil, reaching temperatures between 65*C (149*F) and 75*C (167*F). The thermal waters are now famous because they possess therapeutic properties for treatment of bone and nervous disorders, as well as bronchial and rheumatic diseases.
Friday, September 25, 2015
HOW THE INCAS ACHIEVED SUCH UNION OF POWER.
The Inca Empire was the largest empire in South America. The center was located in Cuzco in modern-day Peru. The civilization arose from the highlands of Peru using a method of assimilation of power or warfare, resulting in the incorporation of a large portion of Western South America territories, centered on the Andean Mountain Ranges, including, besides Peru, large parts of modern Ecuador, Western and South Central Bolivia, North West Argentina, North and Central Chile, and a small part of Southern Colombia into a state comparable to the historical empires of Eurasia.
The term "Inca," meaning "ruler" or "lord,"in Quechua, their language, was used to refer to a specific ruling class family inside the leadership group in the empire. The Spanish people, who arrived to their territories, in the 16th century, adopted the term as an ethnic term referring to all subjects of the empire rather than the specific ruling class.
The Inca people were a pastoral group in the Cuzco region that under the leadership of Manco Capac, they formed the small-city state Kingdom of Cuzco, on that specific site, on the Andean Mountain Range. In time it began to grow and was succeeded by the formation of the Inca Empire. Manco Capac organized the Kingdom and Pachacutec succeded in the union of the forces creating the Tahuantinsuyo.
The empire was referred as Tahuantinsuyo. "Tahua" meaning "4", and "ntin," a suffix naming a group of energy forces, so that "Tahuantin" meaning a quartet of energy fields, a group of 4 forces taken together. The forces were referred to : Chinchay Suyo (North), Anti Suyo (East; the Amazon Jungle), Colla Suyo (South),and Conti Suyo (West). The corners of these enrgy forces joined together at Cuzco.
The anchored energy vortexes were identified as "Huacas," and the lines were identified as "Ceques." The term "Ceque" is Quechua for "Light Road." The energy forces consisted of rapidly rotating spiral-shaped openings formed in the 4 directions of the empire. The 4 forces together formed an energy field surrounding the entire physical territory, and depending on the location, this centers were able to connect to the cosmic energy field and absorb the energy using the ground as a bowl and radiate them out, being visible from great distances and in all directions.
The most powerful one run from Cuzco. It symbolized the Inca's head, the base of the 4 energy fields. Cuzco was the major gateway through which the cosmological energies, aligned astronomically to various stellar risings and settings, and channeled them to the rest of the sacred territory. Most of them connected temples, plazas, and group of structures within ceremonial centers or cities. It formed a replica of the cosmic alignment and balance it into the whole empire's electromagnetic field surrounding the whole land. The Inca leadership encouraged the instruction and worship of these energy fields and imposed the cult of their sun god, Inti, the Lord that controlled the 4 forces, over the whole empire.
The Inca was referred to as the "Son of the Sun" living in the physical world and in charge of the 4 forces. They were chosen by their father, the sun god, Inti, as the ones able to deal with this power.
The ceremony of the Sun was performed at Cuzco (Inti Raymi). It was elaborated creatively from pre-existing system of religious veneration of the peoples to the same god, and with an honorable respect they were assimilated into the head of the empire. This absorption ensured proper compliance among the conquered ones.
The Huacas became significant centers of shared worship and a point of unification of ethnically and linguistically peoples. It helped to bring unity and common citizenship.
The term "Inca," meaning "ruler" or "lord,"in Quechua, their language, was used to refer to a specific ruling class family inside the leadership group in the empire. The Spanish people, who arrived to their territories, in the 16th century, adopted the term as an ethnic term referring to all subjects of the empire rather than the specific ruling class.
The Inca people were a pastoral group in the Cuzco region that under the leadership of Manco Capac, they formed the small-city state Kingdom of Cuzco, on that specific site, on the Andean Mountain Range. In time it began to grow and was succeeded by the formation of the Inca Empire. Manco Capac organized the Kingdom and Pachacutec succeded in the union of the forces creating the Tahuantinsuyo.
The empire was referred as Tahuantinsuyo. "Tahua" meaning "4", and "ntin," a suffix naming a group of energy forces, so that "Tahuantin" meaning a quartet of energy fields, a group of 4 forces taken together. The forces were referred to : Chinchay Suyo (North), Anti Suyo (East; the Amazon Jungle), Colla Suyo (South),and Conti Suyo (West). The corners of these enrgy forces joined together at Cuzco.
The anchored energy vortexes were identified as "Huacas," and the lines were identified as "Ceques." The term "Ceque" is Quechua for "Light Road." The energy forces consisted of rapidly rotating spiral-shaped openings formed in the 4 directions of the empire. The 4 forces together formed an energy field surrounding the entire physical territory, and depending on the location, this centers were able to connect to the cosmic energy field and absorb the energy using the ground as a bowl and radiate them out, being visible from great distances and in all directions.
The most powerful one run from Cuzco. It symbolized the Inca's head, the base of the 4 energy fields. Cuzco was the major gateway through which the cosmological energies, aligned astronomically to various stellar risings and settings, and channeled them to the rest of the sacred territory. Most of them connected temples, plazas, and group of structures within ceremonial centers or cities. It formed a replica of the cosmic alignment and balance it into the whole empire's electromagnetic field surrounding the whole land. The Inca leadership encouraged the instruction and worship of these energy fields and imposed the cult of their sun god, Inti, the Lord that controlled the 4 forces, over the whole empire.
The Inca was referred to as the "Son of the Sun" living in the physical world and in charge of the 4 forces. They were chosen by their father, the sun god, Inti, as the ones able to deal with this power.
The ceremony of the Sun was performed at Cuzco (Inti Raymi). It was elaborated creatively from pre-existing system of religious veneration of the peoples to the same god, and with an honorable respect they were assimilated into the head of the empire. This absorption ensured proper compliance among the conquered ones.
The Huacas became significant centers of shared worship and a point of unification of ethnically and linguistically peoples. It helped to bring unity and common citizenship.
Saturday, September 5, 2015
THE ANDES HIGHLANDS OF TODAY HOSTS MAJOR CITIES.
The Andes is the longest continental mountain range in the world. It is a continual range of Highlands along the Western coast of South America.
The Andes is about 7000 km (4300 mi) long, about 200 to 700 km (120 to 430 mi) wide, and of an average hight of about 4000m (13000 ft).
The Andes extend from North to South through 7 South American countries: Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina.
The Andes is the location of several Plateaus, because it splits into several ranges, which are separated by intermediate depressions. Some of these Plateaus host major cities, such Quito, Bogota, Arequipa, Medellin, Sucre, Merida, Santiago, and La Paz.
QUITO is the capital city of Ecuador at an elevation of 2850 m (9350 ft) above the sea level. It is the highest official capital city in the world. It is located in the Huayllabamba River basin, on the Eastern slopes of an active strato volcano in the Andes Mountains named Pichincha.
BOGOTA is the capital city of Colombia. It is the 3rd. highest capital city in South America at an elevation of 2640 m (8660 ft) above the sea level. In terms of land area, Bogota is the largest city in Colombia, and one of the biggest in latin America. It figures among the 25 largest cities of the world.
AREQUIPA is the 2nd most populous city in Peru. It is located at an elevation of 2335 m (7661 ft) above the sea level. A series of volcanic cones dominates the skyline from the city. These volcanoes form Mountains like the Misti, Pikchu Pikchu, and Chachani.
MEDELLIN is the 2nd largest city in Colombia. Located in the Aburra valley, a central region of the Andes at an elevation of 1500 m (4921 ft) above the sea level.
SUCRE is the constitutional capital of Bolivia and the 6th most populous city in the country. Located in the South Central part at an elevation of 2810 m (9214 ft) above the sea level.
MERIDA is one of the principal cities of the Venezuelan Andes. It has the highest and longest cable car in the world. The city sits on a tableland nestled in the valley of the Chama River, at an elevation of 1600 m (5249 ft) above the sea level.
SANTIAGO is the capital and the largest city of Chile. It is located in the country's central valley, at an elevation of 520 m (1706 ft) above the sea level.
LA PAZ is Bolivia's third-most populous city after Santa Cruz and El Alto. It is the seat of the country's government. It is located on the Western side of Bolivia at an elevation of 3650 m (11975 ft) above the sea level. It is the highest administrative capital in the world.
The Andes is about 7000 km (4300 mi) long, about 200 to 700 km (120 to 430 mi) wide, and of an average hight of about 4000m (13000 ft).
The Andes extend from North to South through 7 South American countries: Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina.
The Andes is the location of several Plateaus, because it splits into several ranges, which are separated by intermediate depressions. Some of these Plateaus host major cities, such Quito, Bogota, Arequipa, Medellin, Sucre, Merida, Santiago, and La Paz.
QUITO is the capital city of Ecuador at an elevation of 2850 m (9350 ft) above the sea level. It is the highest official capital city in the world. It is located in the Huayllabamba River basin, on the Eastern slopes of an active strato volcano in the Andes Mountains named Pichincha.
BOGOTA is the capital city of Colombia. It is the 3rd. highest capital city in South America at an elevation of 2640 m (8660 ft) above the sea level. In terms of land area, Bogota is the largest city in Colombia, and one of the biggest in latin America. It figures among the 25 largest cities of the world.
AREQUIPA is the 2nd most populous city in Peru. It is located at an elevation of 2335 m (7661 ft) above the sea level. A series of volcanic cones dominates the skyline from the city. These volcanoes form Mountains like the Misti, Pikchu Pikchu, and Chachani.
MEDELLIN is the 2nd largest city in Colombia. Located in the Aburra valley, a central region of the Andes at an elevation of 1500 m (4921 ft) above the sea level.
SUCRE is the constitutional capital of Bolivia and the 6th most populous city in the country. Located in the South Central part at an elevation of 2810 m (9214 ft) above the sea level.
MERIDA is one of the principal cities of the Venezuelan Andes. It has the highest and longest cable car in the world. The city sits on a tableland nestled in the valley of the Chama River, at an elevation of 1600 m (5249 ft) above the sea level.
SANTIAGO is the capital and the largest city of Chile. It is located in the country's central valley, at an elevation of 520 m (1706 ft) above the sea level.
LA PAZ is Bolivia's third-most populous city after Santa Cruz and El Alto. It is the seat of the country's government. It is located on the Western side of Bolivia at an elevation of 3650 m (11975 ft) above the sea level. It is the highest administrative capital in the world.
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